知识点1:不定式被动式的构成与用法说明

It’s annoying to be interrupted. 让人打扰是很令人不高兴的。
I had to shout to be heard. 我必须叫喊对方才能听得见。
2. 要注意主动表被动的情形。一般说来，表示主动意义，不定式用主动式；表示被动意义，不定式用被动式。但是，有个别时候，虽然意义上是被动的，但不定式却要用主动式。如：
I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。
The poem is not easy to understand. 这首诗不容易理解。[1]understand单词记忆法

◆记忆方法一：联想方式：stand水潭底下站着一个人;under+stand 内心里面支持-理解◆记忆方法二：联想方式：stand记忆方法：水潭底下站着一个人;under+stand 内心里面支持-理解

Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书法没法认。
以上各例中的不定式to drink, to understand, to read均为主动形式，但均表示被动意义。



知识点2:英语中“动词+宾语+不定式”结构用法说明[2]用法,动词,相关知识点

“as well as+动词”的五种用法(附参考书目)[1]well单词记忆法◆记忆方法一：联想方式：we-（我们）；ll-（一一）记忆方法：我们一一做好它。查看详情>>As well as learning to swim he has been taking Spanish lessons this summer. 今年夏天，他除了学习游泳外，他还在上西班牙语课。【注意】a

●汉语可说“原谅某人做某事”，但英语不说 excuse [forgive] sb to do sth。如：
请原谅我没有早点给你回信。
误：Excuse me not to answer your letter earlier.
误：Excuse me not to have answered your letter earlier.
正：Excuse me for not answering your letter earlier.[3]answer单词记忆法

◆记忆方法一：分析：an ---“按”的拼音； s---外形像蛇； we---我们 r---外形像小草 记忆方法：按住一条蛇，让它回答为什么要破坏我们的草地

正：Excuse me for not having answered your letter earlier.
正：Excuse my not answering your letter earlier.
正：Excuse my not having answered your letter earlier.
●汉语可说“拒绝某人做某事”，但英语不说 refuse sb to do sth。如：
他拒绝我使用他的自行车。
误：He refused me to use his bike.[4]refuse单词记忆法

◆记忆方法一：分析：re——“热”的拼音；fu——“敷”的拼音；se——“蛇”的近似拼音； 记忆方法：我拒绝用热水敷蛇。◆记忆方法二：联想方式：re又；fuse辐射记忆方法：我们拒绝又被辐射◆记忆方法三：词根词缀记忆法：refuse v 拒绝（re回+fuse→向回流→拒绝）,fus=pour,表示“流，泻”◆记忆方法四：refuse (考频：2)【记】词根记忆:［re

正：He refused to let me use his bike.
正：He didn’t allow me to use his bike.
●汉语可说“惩罚某人做某事”，但英语不说 punish sb to do sth。如：
老师罚他扫地。
误：The teacher punished him to sweep the floor.
正：The teacher punished him by requiring him to sweep the floor.
●汉语可说“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说 suggest sb to do sth。如：
他妻子建议他戒烟。
误：His wife suggested him to give up smoking.
正：His wife suggested that he (should) give up smoking.
正：His wife suggested his [him] giving up smoking.
正：His wife advised him to give up smoking.
●汉语可说“同意某人做某事”，但英语不说 agree sb to do sth。如：
他们同意我做这事。
误：They agreed me to do it.
正：They agreed to let me do it.
正：They agreed to my doing it.
●汉语可说“通知某人做某事”，但英语不说 inform sb to do sth。如：
我已通知他们马上离开。
误：I've informed them to leave at once.
正：I've told them to leave at once.
正：I've informed them that they must leave at once.[5]they,them,相关知识点

复数代词THEY, THEM, THEIR 可以表示单数意义吗[1]单数,复数,相关知识点majority作主语时谓语用单数还是复数4. “the majority of+不可数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词总是用单数。如：The majority of the work has been finished. 大部分工作已完成。The majority of the damage

●汉语可说“欢迎某人做某事”，但英语不说 welcome sb to do sth。
欢迎你们来我们学校。
误：Welcome you to come to our school.
正：Welcome to our school.
让我们欢迎史密斯先生讲话。
误：Let’s welcome Mr Smith to speak.
正：Let’s welcome Mr Smith and ask him to speak.
●汉语可说“坚持某人做某事”，但英语不说 insist sb to do sth。如：
他坚持要我留在那儿。
误：He insisted me to stay there.
误：He insisted on me to stay there.
正：He insisted on my staying there.
正：He insisted that I (should) stay there.
●汉语可说“希望某人做某事”，但英语不说 hope sb to do sth。如：
他希望他所有的学生都能考上大学。
误：He hopes all of his students to pass the college entrance examinations.
正：He hopes for all of his students to pass the college entrance examinations.
正：He wishes all of his students to pass the college entrance examinations.
正：He hopes that all of his students can pass the college entrance examinations.
●汉语可说“安排某人做某事”，但英语不说 arrange sb to do sth。如：
我已安排他去参加会议。
误：I've arranged him to attend the meeting.

知识点3:不定式否定式的用法说明

She pretended not to have seen him. 她假装没看见他。
It is nice not to be dependent on others. 不依靠别人是好的。
You were silly not to have locked your car. 你没锁车太傻了。

2. so as to do sth 和in order to do sth 的否定式[6]in order,so as to,相关知识点

in order/so as to ...句型结构分析语法讲解：句子成分、什么句型句法，怎么用什么意思结构︰in order／so as＋to-不定词…说明︰此句型意为“为了…；想做…就得…”。这是表目的的不定词句型，意思更为明确。 He must work very hard in order to support his large family. 他必须

对于这两个结构的否定式，通常是将否定词置于不定式符号to之前，而不是置于整个结构之前或其他位置：
Study hard so as not to fail the exam. 努力学习，以免考试不及格。
He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife. 他轻轻进来，以免把他妻子吵醒。
Go in quietlyso as not to wake the baby. 进去时不要出声，以免把宝宝吵醒。
Take every precaution so as not to catch cold．采取一切预防措施以免感冒。
We keep the window shut in order not to let the flies in. 我们把窗子关着以免苍蝇进来。
They hid themselves in the cave in order not to be seen by the enemy. 他们躲在洞穴里以免被敌人发现。
Please reply at once in order not to lose this opportunity of a lower price. 请立即回复，以免失去这次低价的机会。
They must have worn gloves in order not toleave any fingerprints. 他们一定戴上了手套，以防留下指纹。[7]must,have,相关知识点

must have V-ed ...句型结构分析语法讲解：句子成分、什么句型句法，怎么用什么意思 They must have read the article. 他们一定读过这篇文章。 You must have seen him before. 你以前一定见过他。 He must have forgotten my name. 他一定忘了我的名字。