动词-ing形式作定语和状语的高频错点
【知识拓展】虽然不定式通常可以表示即将要发生的动作，但主要限于作后置定语、状语等成分，而绝不能置于名词前作定语。比较：
I hope in coming years he will reflect on his decision. 我希望未来的几年里他会反省自己的决定。
I hope in years to come he will reflect on his decision. 我希望未来的几年里他会反省自己的决定。
错点二：动词-ing形式作状语的常见错点
1. 错用动词-ing形式作目的状语
【典型考题】_______ (keep) themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。
【考点分析】本题答案为 To keep。当动词用作非谓语形式作目的状语时，通常要用不定式，而不用动词的-ing形式。又如：
To hide my fright I asked a question. 为了掩饰自己的恐惧，我问了个问题。
To avoid confusion, label each box clearly. 为了避免混乱，给每一个盒子贴上清楚的标签。
【知识拓展】在通常情况下，用非谓语动词表目的时，要用不定式，但有一个例外，就是当动词go后接climbing, cycling, exploring, dancing, fishing, hiking, hunting, rambling, riding, roller-skating, sailing, shooting, skating, skiing, surfing, swimming, walking, water-skiing等动词的-ing形式时，也属于表目的的用法，比较go fishing中的fishing可视为go的目的。如：
[1]不定式,用法,相关知识点知识点1:“疑问词+不定式”的用法要点在汉语中，我们说“做某事”和“如何做某事”是不同的，后者侧重做事方法，其中的“如何”译为英语就是how。如：He discoveredhow to open the safe. 他发现了打开保险柜的方法。但是在英语中，有些动词后接“how+不定式”作宾语时，how可省略，意思不变。如：Any child can learn (how) to
We might go camping this summer. 今年夏天我们可能去野营。
He likes to go climbing at weekends. 他喜欢在周末做登山运动。
They liked to go dancing every Saturday night. 他们喜欢每周六晚上去跳舞。
2. 混淆用作结果状语的-ing形式与不定式
【典型考题】After driving all night we got to Amy’s place, only _______ (discover) that she was away. 开了一整夜车到达埃米的住处，却发现她不在。
[2]that,only,相关知识点the only N that ...句型结构分析语法讲解：句子成分、什么句型句法，怎么用什么意思结构︰…the only／the very／the first／the last＋名词＋that…说明︰the only，the very，the first，the last 若修饰，该之后的一般要用 that 取代 who，whom，which。 Man is the
【考点分析】答案为to discover。“only+动词-ing形式”和“only+动词不定式”都可以用来表示结果。但有区别：后接现在分词往往表示一种自然的合乎逻辑的结果，而后接不定式往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果。比较：
[3]现在分词,不定式,相关知识点end up后接不定式还是现在分词end up 后接不定式还是现在分词end up 后接现在分词，表示“以做某事而告终”，这是英语中一个常用句式。如：I ended up collapsing with exhaustion. 我最终累得倒下了。We ended up staying for lunch. 最后我们留下来吃午饭。We ended up staying for l
He went out of the room with few clothes on, only feeling rather cold. 他出去时衣穿得很少，渐渐地感到有些冷了。
I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现钱全放在家里。
■即时训练
Most people want to be happy, but few know how (1)________ (find) happiness. Money and success alone do not bring (2)________ (last) happiness.
[4]know,want,相关知识点how 是关联副词，要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.［误］ I want to know how to do.［正］ I want to know how to do it.［析］ how 是关联副词，要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.
Aristotle, a Greek (3)________ (think), said, “Happiness depends upon ourselves.” In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few (4)________ (suggest) to help you be happier.
The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time (5)________ (think) about the future — for example, getting into college or (6)________ (get) a good job — that we fail (7)________(enjoy) the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, (8)________ (listen) to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends often live happier and healthy lives.
[5]for example,such as,相关知识点如何区分such as与for example的用法[1]example单词记忆法◆记忆方法一：联想方式：exam（考试）；pl（漂亮）；e（鹅）考试成绩漂亮的鹅成了班上的榜样。◆记忆方法二：分析：exam --- 测验；p --- “怕”的拼音首字母；le——”了”的拼音； 记忆方法：老是用这些例子来做测验，我们都考怕了。◆记忆方法三：联想方式：exam（考试）；pl（
Another secret to (9)________ (live) a happy life is to be active, and have hobbies where you forget your problems and time.
Finally, many people find happiness in (10)________(help) others. Studies show that people feel good when they spend their time helping others.
[6]their,they,相关知识点复数代词THEY, THEM, THEIR 可以表示单数意义吗[1]单数,复数,相关知识点majority作主语时谓语用单数还是复数4. “the majority of+不可数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词总是用单数。如：The majority of the work has been finished. 大部分工作已完成。The majority of the damage
参考答案：1. to find 2. lasting 3. thinker 4. suggestion 5. thinking 6. getting 7. to enjoy 8. listening 9. living 10. helping
