知识点1:分词或分词短语作状语用法
He died and left his wife with five children. （结果状语）
⑤ It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out.
It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out. （结果状语）
㈡ 有时为了强调，分词前会加when, while, if, unless, once, though, even if, as if 等连词一起作状语[1]though单词记忆法

◆记忆方法一：联想方式：thou（太后）；gh（古画）虽然太后喜欢古画。但却不懂欣赏。◆记忆方法二：联想方式：thou（太后）；gh（古画）记忆方法：虽然太后喜欢古画。但却不懂欣赏。

When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences.
Though tired, he still continued reading.
Once published， this book will be popular with the students.
㈢ 分词(短语) 与主语的关系
主语一致：分词短语的动作由主句主语发出。看以下错误
Waiting for the bus, a brick fell on my head.
Hearing the news, tears came into his eyes.
Finding her car stolen, a policeman was asked to help.
When using the computer, the password must be remembered.
有自己主语的分词结构— 独立分词结构。分词有自己意义上的主语，分词的动作不由主句主语发出。
The town seen from the hill，we can see it more clearly[2]clearly单词记忆法

◆记忆方法一：联想方式：cl（长棍）；ear（耳朵）用长棍清除耳朵的分泌物，马上听得很清楚。clear的副词形式。◆记忆方法二：联想方式：cl（长棍）；ear（耳朵）记忆方法：用长棍清除耳朵的分泌物，马上听得很清楚。clear的副词形式。

.=If the town is seen from the hill，we can see it more clearly. 如果从山上看这座城市，我们能看得更清楚。
Everything taken into consideration，the party was a success. 将所有的事情考虑在内，晚会算是成功的。
固定表达方式
在一些表达说话人态度的句子中，分词主语和主句主语不一致，但这些词已经约定俗成，不认为是错。
常见的不需要逻辑主语的动词-ing/-ed形式结构:[3]主语,动词,相关知识点

知识点1:“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.—He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典—他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如:His teacher g

Considering (that)…考虑到 supposing (that)… 如果…… generally speaking 一般说来[4]general单词记忆法

◆记忆方法一：联想方式：gen（跟）；er（人）；al（都）跟他的人都知道他思想的一般原则。◆记忆方法二：谐音：煎那肉 普通的饭店煎那肉味道一般◆记忆方法三：谐音：煎那肉 将军煎那肉总的来说味道一般。◆记忆方法四：联想方式：gen（跟）；er（人）；al（都）记忆方法：跟他的人都知道他思想的一般原则。◆记忆方法五：词根词缀记忆法：general a 普通的n.总论（gene

frankly speaking 坦白说 Judging from… 从…判断 talking of… 说到……
Concerning… 关于 setting aside… 除开…… Coming to… 谈到 ……
allowing for… 考虑到…… Proving/provided (that)…假定 supposing/suppose (that)…假如……
Seeing (that)… 既然 …… given (that)… 假设；如果；考虑到 put frankly 坦白地说
taken as a whole 总的说来
例如：
Put frankly, I don't agree with what he said. 坦白地说，我不同意他说的话。[5]agree with,agree,相关知识点

知识点1:agree with，agree to和agree on的用法区别1. agree with…指“同意某人或某人的意见、观点、决定、想法、安排、解释”等，其后可以是一个名词，也可以是what引起的从句。如：I don't agree with you.I don't agree with what you said.2. agre

Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
考虑到他的一般身体状况，他手术后恢复过来可能需要一段时间。
Supposing he is ill, who will do the work? 假如他病了，谁来做这工作呢？
㈣ 现在分词和过去分词的不同形式
主动被动(及物动词)
未发生 to be done（被动 未发生）
Are you going to attend the meeting to be held next month?
一般doing（一般主动）done（一般被动）
Putting down my paper, I walked over to the windows.Did you attend the meeting held last month in Shanghai?
进行doing（主动 进行）being done（被动 进行）
Singing a song, he sat down.The question being discussed is very important.
已完成having done（主动 完成）having been done（被动 完成）
Having sung a song, he sat down.All flights having been cancelled, they had to take the train
㈤ 分词完成式的用法 主动形式 having done 被动形式 having been done
分词完成式一般用于以下情况：
多次反复的分词动作
Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again.
Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.
Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters.
② 分词动作先发生，分词动作和主句谓语有一段时间的间隔，且间隔较长
Having failed to qualify the doctor, he took up teaching.
Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
Having been warned about the thieves, he left his valuables at bank.
如果间隔短，即使分词动作先发生，我们一般也用分词一般式，以强调两个动作的衔接。
Locking the door, he went home.

知识点2:分词作状语的主要用法
Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。　　
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。　　
5. 表方式　　
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。　　
I'm returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。　　
6. 表伴随　　
He sat in the chair reading newspapers. 他坐在椅子上看报。　　
Don't you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。　　
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。　　
7. 表结果　　
He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。　　
He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。　　
It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，车辆陷入泥沼，桥梁被水冲去。
　　

知识点3:分词逻辑主语的用法及考题实例[6]主语,考题,相关知识点

知识点1:典型形式主语考题分析典型形式主语考题分析Is __________ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he【分析】此题应选C，其余各项均有一定的干扰性。这里主要考查形式主语it的用法。一般说来，当主语是比较复杂的成分(如不定式、动名词、从句等)时

(2) ________ many times, he still didn’t understand it.
A. Having been told B. Though to be told
C. Having told D. He was told
根据句意，he 与 tell 应是被动关系。从时间上看，应该是“被告诉”在先，“没有理解”在后，故选A。比较下题由于句中用了并列连词but，情况有所不同：
(3) ________ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.
A. Having been told B. Though he was told
C. To have been told D. He was told[7]have been to,have been,have,相关知识点

have been to / have been in / have gone toⅠ. have been to … 表示：“曾经到过某处”但目前人未在那儿。如：① Where have you been? 你到哪儿去了？（现在已回来）I have been to Beijing. 我去北京了。（现不在北京）② I have never been there before,